Green Chemistry helps chemists design products efficiently and safely while minimizing pollution. Scientists apply these principles throughout product development, from lab work to industrial scale. Life Cycle Assessment allows chemists to compare materials and processes based on resource use and pollution output. This approach enables important scientific progress while also protecting the environment.

Millions encounter radiation at work or during medical treatments on Earth but few people travel to space. So, studies on Earth's radiation help us understand its impact on space travelers. This article defines radiation epidemiology, provides examples from Earth-based studies, and shows how these findings inform our knowledge of space radiation health risks.

Major scientific and technological breakthroughs, like the Industrial and Internet Revolutions, have shaped society. The next is CRISPR, a technology with potential to improve health, agriculture, and fight climate change—even affecting human evolution. This article covers how CRISPR works, details on CRISPR-Cas9, current and future uses, and addresses ethical concerns and necessary actions for responsible application.

The NASA Twins Study explored telomeres and DNA damage in long-duration spaceflight, revealing insights for astronaut health, aging, and disease risk. These findings will inform personalized medicine and future research as space travel expands. With more diverse participants, understanding individual responses to space environments is crucial for maintaining astronaut health and performance during missions, and for managing disease and aging after their return.

Sleep is crucial for good health. Regular, high-quality sleep supports the immune system’s ability to fight infections and enhances the effectiveness of vaccines. At night, the immune cells review germs encountered during the day, preparing to defend against illness if needed. Overall, proper sleep boosts both infection response and vaccine protection.

Scientists have developed a novel method to combat bacterial biofilms, which are clusters of bacteria protected by a sticky layer that make treatment difficult and foster drug-resistant superbugs. The new approach uses a shape-changing liquid metal activated by magnets to physically destroy these biofilms and the bacteria within.